Boohoo, I don't care about companies losing incomes.
So?
I'm not saying that you should be crying "Oh the humanity!" over a stolen apple. Those companies got to the business knowing the risks, but this is just a simple rule of capitalism. If the profits are smaller than the costs then a company will go bankrupt. They counter this by increasing the prizes.
Wastage and shoplifting and similar costs are generally factored in in a company's accounting.
Yes they are. And the profit from the sales must be high enough to cover the cost of those items that weren't sold. This includes food that expired before sales, broken items and the stuff that was stolen.
When they buy (for example) chocolate bars or apples or something the price of those to the customer must cover:
a) The cost to the shop when they bought them.
b) Overhead costs.
(Worker salaries, rent, electric bills, etc. etc. these costs are divided between all the merchandise they have.)
c) Shrinkage.
The merchandise stolen, damaged or simply expired before sales. Since the items that weren't sold will not be making a profit the prize must be high enough to cover the loss of some merch. If the shrinkage increases then so will the price.
d) Profit.
Yes the company wants to make a profit. This is capitalism get over it. If the price is too high and not enough people buy the product then the will either lower the price (if they can still cover the costs from a-c with the lower price) or simply stop selling the item.
Here, this article explains how shoplifting affects stores.
http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4709716_shoplifting-affect-retail-stores.htmlThere aren't any exact numbers since the shops won't reveal all data.