Praise to those who make any sort of effort to avoid "collateral damage." Such efforts have always been rare, though, and the more sophisticated our technology became, the more civilians suffered. Neither Axis nor Allies worried unduly about it during World War II. We bombed the beautiful city of Cologne, which had no strategic value. During a 48-period in May 1945 we dropped 2,000 tons of incendiary bombs on Tokyo. Almost 16 square miles was incinerated. Estimates of civilian deaths range from 80,000 to 130,000.