My two cents would be it's an elite led, reactionary movement against modernity. By "elite" I don't mean the best at anything, I'm talking about class. Not that you get entire social classes of fascists but it does arise when enough people feel threatened from below because of a changing world and fear minorities, the poor, LGBTQI etc and fear their place in the world being usurped. It doesn't matter if it's happening or not. The fear of it happening is what drives fascism.