The particle accelerators are capable of simulating the Big Bang. The fraction of a second after the collision shows us how particles reacted a few fractions of a second after the singularity. Studying these things will allow us to get closer and closer to the moment of truth and possibly, in time, we can see what everything was like prior to the Big Bang.
Look at the LHC as a study on how we got here. It's stunning stuff, but it can hurt your brain a bit.
Look up the Voids in space. Areas of space that are "empty" of normal matter. They are filled with Dark Matter however. Galaxies and Stars and everything all gather in clusters. For example, our neck of the universe is a giant cluster of galaxies that is about 221 million light years across. There are MILLIONS of Super Clusters through the Universe. The size of it all is just almost impossible to accurately think about in your brain.
I love particle physics and the research into space and how the overall status of the Universe affects us here on Earth. It also makes us look incredibly small and insignifigant, which is extremely comforting to me for some reason.
If you want better explanations, watch The Universe or How The Universe Works. The episode on the microscopic universe is mind numbingly baffling, but it's incredibly interesting if you love this shit like I do.